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Two-compartment model with recovery but no lasting immunity.

Usage

model_sis(init, params, times, ...)

Arguments

init

Named numeric vector, e.g. c(S = 990, I = 10).

params

Named numeric vector, e.g. c(beta = 0.002, gamma = 0.1).

beta

Transmission rate.

gamma

Recovery rate (1/gamma = mean infectious period).

N

Total population size. Optional — defaults to sum(init).

b

Birth rate (per capita per time). Optional.

d

Death rate (per capita per time). Optional.

times

Numeric vector of output times.

...

Additional arguments passed to ode_solver.

Value

A data.frame with columns time, S, I.

Details

Closed population (default): $$\frac{dS}{dt} = -\beta \frac{S I}{N} + \gamma I$$ $$\frac{dI}{dt} = \beta \frac{S I}{N} - \gamma I$$

Open population (when b / d are provided): $$\frac{dS}{dt} = b N - \beta \frac{S I}{N} + \gamma I - d S$$ $$\frac{dI}{dt} = \beta \frac{S I}{N} - \gamma I - d I$$

In the closed case population size \(N = S + I\) is conserved.

Examples

# Closed population
model_sis(
  init   = c(S = 990, I = 10),
  params = c(beta = 0.002, gamma = 0.1),
  times  = seq(0, 50, by = 0.1)
)
#>     time        S           I
#> 1    0.0 990.0000 10.00000000
#> 2    0.1 990.0975  9.90245815
#> 3    0.2 990.1941  9.80586793
#> 4    0.3 990.2898  9.71022006
#> 5    0.4 990.3845  9.61550647
#> 6    0.5 990.4783  9.52171652
#> 7    0.6 990.5712  9.42884158
#> 8    0.7 990.6631  9.33687271
#> 9    0.8 990.7542  9.24580107
#> 10   0.9 990.8444  9.15561791
#> 11   1.0 990.9337  9.06631455
#> 12   1.1 991.0221  8.97788241
#> 13   1.2 991.1097  8.89031299
#> 14   1.3 991.1964  8.80359787
#> 15   1.4 991.2823  8.71772871
#> 16   1.5 991.3673  8.63269725
#> 17   1.6 991.4515  8.54849532
#> 18   1.7 991.5349  8.46511483
#> 19   1.8 991.6175  8.38254775
#> 20   1.9 991.6992  8.30078615
#> 21   2.0 991.7802  8.21982217
#> 22   2.1 991.8604  8.13964803
#> 23   2.2 991.9397  8.06025601
#> 24   2.3 992.0184  7.98163849
#> 25   2.4 992.0962  7.90378791
#> 26   2.5 992.1733  7.82669678
#> 27   2.6 992.2496  7.75035769
#> 28   2.7 992.3252  7.67476331
#> 29   2.8 992.4001  7.59990636
#> 30   2.9 992.4742  7.52577965
#> 31   3.0 992.5476  7.45237606
#> 32   3.1 992.6203  7.37968853
#> 33   3.2 992.6923  7.30771006
#> 34   3.3 992.7636  7.23643375
#> 35   3.4 992.8341  7.16585274
#> 36   3.5 992.9040  7.09596025
#> 37   3.6 992.9733  7.02674955
#> 38   3.7 993.0418  6.95821400
#> 39   3.8 993.1097  6.89034701
#> 40   3.9 993.1769  6.82314204
#> 41   4.0 993.2434  6.75659266
#> 42   4.1 993.3093  6.69069245
#> 43   4.2 993.3746  6.62543508
#> 44   4.3 993.4392  6.56081428
#> 45   4.4 993.5032  6.49682384
#> 46   4.5 993.5665  6.43345761
#> 47   4.6 993.6293  6.37070949
#> 48   4.7 993.6914  6.30857347
#> 49   4.8 993.7530  6.24704355
#> 50   4.9 993.8139  6.18611384
#> 51   5.0 993.8742  6.12577847
#> 52   5.1 993.9340  6.06603165
#> 53   5.2 993.9931  6.00686763
#> 54   5.3 994.0517  5.94828073
#> 55   5.4 994.1097  5.89026531
#> 56   5.5 994.1672  5.83281580
#> 57   5.6 994.2241  5.77592668
#> 58   5.7 994.2804  5.71959248
#> 59   5.8 994.3362  5.66380778
#> 60   5.9 994.3914  5.60856723
#> 61   6.0 994.4461  5.55386552
#> 62   6.1 994.5003  5.49969739
#> 63   6.2 994.5539  5.44605763
#> 64   6.3 994.6071  5.39294108
#> 65   6.4 994.6597  5.34034266
#> 66   6.5 994.7117  5.28825728
#> 67   6.6 994.7633  5.23667997
#> 68   6.7 994.8144  5.18560574
#> 69   6.8 994.8650  5.13502971
#> 70   6.9 994.9151  5.08494700
#> 71   7.0 994.9646  5.03535281
#> 72   7.1 995.0138  4.98624236
#> 73   7.2 995.0624  4.93761095
#> 74   7.3 995.1105  4.88945389
#> 75   7.4 995.1582  4.84176655
#> 76   7.5 995.2055  4.79454437
#> 77   7.6 995.2522  4.74778278
#> 78   7.7 995.2985  4.70147732
#> 79   7.8 995.3444  4.65562351
#> 80   7.9 995.3898  4.61021696
#> 81   8.0 995.4347  4.56525331
#> 82   8.1 995.4793  4.52072823
#> 83   8.2 995.5234  4.47663744
#> 84   8.3 995.5670  4.43297671
#> 85   8.4 995.6103  4.38974185
#> 86   8.5 995.6531  4.34692869
#> 87   8.6 995.6955  4.30453312
#> 88   8.7 995.7374  4.26255108
#> 89   8.8 995.7790  4.22097851
#> 90   8.9 995.8202  4.17981144
#> 91   9.0 995.8610  4.13904591
#> 92   9.1 995.9013  4.09867799
#> 93   9.2 995.9413  4.05870381
#> 94   9.3 995.9809  4.01911953
#> 95   9.4 996.0201  3.97992135
#> 96   9.5 996.0589  3.94110549
#> 97   9.6 996.0973  3.90266823
#> 98   9.7 996.1354  3.86460588
#> 99   9.8 996.1731  3.82691477
#> 100  9.9 996.2104  3.78959129
#> 101 10.0 996.2474  3.75263185
#> 102 10.1 996.2840  3.71603289
#> 103 10.2 996.3202  3.67979091
#> 104 10.3 996.3561  3.64390242
#> 105 10.4 996.3916  3.60836397
#> 106 10.5 996.4268  3.57317214
#> 107 10.6 996.4617  3.53832357
#> 108 10.7 996.4962  3.50381488
#> 109 10.8 996.5304  3.46964278
#> 110 10.9 996.5642  3.43580398
#> 111 11.0 996.5977  3.40229523
#> 112 11.1 996.6309  3.36911330
#> 113 11.2 996.6637  3.33625501
#> 114 11.3 996.6963  3.30371720
#> 115 11.4 996.7285  3.27149675
#> 116 11.5 996.7604  3.23959055
#> 117 11.6 996.7920  3.20799556
#> 118 11.7 996.8233  3.17670872
#> 119 11.8 996.8543  3.14572703
#> 120 11.9 996.8850  3.11504752
#> 121 12.0 996.9153  3.08466724
#> 122 12.1 996.9454  3.05458327
#> 123 12.2 996.9752  3.02479272
#> 124 12.3 997.0047  2.99529272
#> 125 12.4 997.0339  2.96608045
#> 126 12.5 997.0628  2.93715310
#> 127 12.6 997.0915  2.90850788
#> 128 12.7 997.1199  2.88014205
#> 129 12.8 997.1479  2.85205287
#> 130 12.9 997.1758  2.82423766
#> 131 13.0 997.2033  2.79669374
#> 132 13.1 997.2306  2.76941846
#> 133 13.2 997.2576  2.74240920
#> 134 13.3 997.2843  2.71566337
#> 135 13.4 997.3108  2.68917840
#> 136 13.5 997.3370  2.66295174
#> 137 13.6 997.3630  2.63698087
#> 138 13.7 997.3887  2.61126330
#> 139 13.8 997.4142  2.58579656
#> 140 13.9 997.4394  2.56057820
#> 141 14.0 997.4644  2.53560580
#> 142 14.1 997.4891  2.51087696
#> 143 14.2 997.5136  2.48638930
#> 144 14.3 997.5379  2.46214048
#> 145 14.4 997.5619  2.43812815
#> 146 14.5 997.5856  2.41435002
#> 147 14.6 997.6092  2.39080380
#> 148 14.7 997.6325  2.36748723
#> 149 14.8 997.6556  2.34439807
#> 150 14.9 997.6785  2.32153410
#> 151 15.0 997.7011  2.29889312
#> 152 15.1 997.7235  2.27647295
#> 153 15.2 997.7457  2.25427146
#> 154 15.3 997.7677  2.23228649
#> 155 15.4 997.7895  2.21051595
#> 156 15.5 997.8110  2.18895773
#> 157 15.6 997.8324  2.16760977
#> 158 15.7 997.8535  2.14647002
#> 159 15.8 997.8745  2.12553645
#> 160 15.9 997.8952  2.10480703
#> 161 16.0 997.9157  2.08427979
#> 162 16.1 997.9360  2.06395276
#> 163 16.2 997.9562  2.04382397
#> 164 16.3 997.9761  2.02389150
#> 165 16.4 997.9958  2.00415342
#> 166 16.5 998.0154  1.98460785
#> 167 16.6 998.0347  1.96525291
#> 168 16.7 998.0539  1.94608673
#> 169 16.8 998.0729  1.92710748
#> 170 16.9 998.0917  1.90831334
#> 171 17.0 998.1103  1.88970249
#> 172 17.1 998.1287  1.87127315
#> 173 17.2 998.1470  1.85302355
#> 174 17.3 998.1650  1.83495193
#> 175 17.4 998.1829  1.81705657
#> 176 17.5 998.2007  1.79933573
#> 177 17.6 998.2182  1.78178773
#> 178 17.7 998.2356  1.76441086
#> 179 17.8 998.2528  1.74720347
#> 180 17.9 998.2698  1.73016390
#> 181 18.0 998.2867  1.71329052
#> 182 18.1 998.3034  1.69658170
#> 183 18.2 998.3200  1.68003584
#> 184 18.3 998.3363  1.66365134
#> 185 18.4 998.3526  1.64742664
#> 186 18.5 998.3686  1.63136018
#> 187 18.6 998.3845  1.61545040
#> 188 18.7 998.4003  1.59969580
#> 189 18.8 998.4159  1.58409484
#> 190 18.9 998.4314  1.56864604
#> 191 19.0 998.4467  1.55334790
#> 192 19.1 998.4618  1.53819897
#> 193 19.2 998.4768  1.52319777
#> 194 19.3 998.4917  1.50834288
#> 195 19.4 998.5064  1.49363287
#> 196 19.5 998.5209  1.47906632
#> 197 19.6 998.5354  1.46464183
#> 198 19.7 998.5496  1.45035802
#> 199 19.8 998.5638  1.43621352
#> 200 19.9 998.5778  1.42220696
#> 201 20.0 998.5917  1.40833700
#> 202 20.1 998.6054  1.39460232
#> 203 20.2 998.6190  1.38100158
#> 204 20.3 998.6325  1.36753349
#> 205 20.4 998.6458  1.35419675
#> 206 20.5 998.6590  1.34099008
#> 207 20.6 998.6721  1.32791220
#> 208 20.7 998.6850  1.31496188
#> 209 20.8 998.6979  1.30213785
#> 210 20.9 998.7106  1.28943889
#> 211 21.0 998.7231  1.27686378
#> 212 21.1 998.7356  1.26441130
#> 213 21.2 998.7479  1.25208028
#> 214 21.3 998.7601  1.23986951
#> 215 21.4 998.7722  1.22777783
#> 216 21.5 998.7842  1.21580408
#> 217 21.6 998.7961  1.20394710
#> 218 21.7 998.8078  1.19220576
#> 219 21.8 998.8194  1.18057892
#> 220 21.9 998.8309  1.16906548
#> 221 22.0 998.8423  1.15766433
#> 222 22.1 998.8536  1.14637436
#> 223 22.2 998.8648  1.13519450
#> 224 22.3 998.8759  1.12412368
#> 225 22.4 998.8868  1.11316082
#> 226 22.5 998.8977  1.10230488
#> 227 22.6 998.9084  1.09155481
#> 228 22.7 998.9191  1.08090959
#> 229 22.8 998.9296  1.07036818
#> 230 22.9 998.9401  1.05992958
#> 231 23.0 998.9504  1.04959278
#> 232 23.1 998.9606  1.03935679
#> 233 23.2 998.9708  1.02922063
#> 234 23.3 998.9808  1.01918332
#> 235 23.4 998.9908  1.00924390
#> 236 23.5 999.0006  0.99940141
#> 237 23.6 999.0103  0.98965492
#> 238 23.7 999.0200  0.98000347
#> 239 23.8 999.0296  0.97044616
#> 240 23.9 999.0390  0.96098205
#> 241 24.0 999.0484  0.95161024
#> 242 24.1 999.0577  0.94232983
#> 243 24.2 999.0669  0.93313992
#> 244 24.3 999.0760  0.92403964
#> 245 24.4 999.0850  0.91502811
#> 246 24.5 999.0939  0.90610447
#> 247 24.6 999.1027  0.89726785
#> 248 24.7 999.1115  0.88851742
#> 249 24.8 999.1201  0.87985232
#> 250 24.9 999.1287  0.87127173
#> 251 25.0 999.1372  0.86277482
#> 252 25.1 999.1456  0.85436077
#> 253 25.2 999.1540  0.84602878
#> 254 25.3 999.1622  0.83777805
#> 255 25.4 999.1704  0.82960779
#> 256 25.5 999.1785  0.82151721
#> 257 25.6 999.1865  0.81350553
#> 258 25.7 999.1944  0.80557198
#> 259 25.8 999.2023  0.79771580
#> 260 25.9 999.2101  0.78993624
#> 261 26.0 999.2178  0.78223255
#> 262 26.1 999.2254  0.77460400
#> 263 26.2 999.2330  0.76704983
#> 264 26.3 999.2404  0.75956934
#> 265 26.4 999.2478  0.75216181
#> 266 26.5 999.2552  0.74482651
#> 267 26.6 999.2624  0.73756275
#> 268 26.7 999.2696  0.73036983
#> 269 26.8 999.2768  0.72324706
#> 270 26.9 999.2838  0.71619375
#> 271 27.0 999.2908  0.70920923
#> 272 27.1 999.2977  0.70229283
#> 273 27.2 999.3046  0.69544387
#> 274 27.3 999.3113  0.68866172
#> 275 27.4 999.3181  0.68194570
#> 276 27.5 999.3247  0.67529518
#> 277 27.6 999.3313  0.66870952
#> 278 27.7 999.3378  0.66218808
#> 279 27.8 999.3443  0.65573025
#> 280 27.9 999.3507  0.64933539
#> 281 28.0 999.3570  0.64300290
#> 282 28.1 999.3633  0.63673217
#> 283 28.2 999.3695  0.63052259
#> 284 28.3 999.3756  0.62437357
#> 285 28.4 999.3817  0.61828452
#> 286 28.5 999.3877  0.61225485
#> 287 28.6 999.3937  0.60628398
#> 288 28.7 999.3996  0.60037134
#> 289 28.8 999.4055  0.59451637
#> 290 28.9 999.4113  0.58871849
#> 291 29.0 999.4170  0.58297716
#> 292 29.1 999.4227  0.57729182
#> 293 29.2 999.4283  0.57166193
#> 294 29.3 999.4339  0.56608694
#> 295 29.4 999.4394  0.56056632
#> 296 29.5 999.4449  0.55509954
#> 297 29.6 999.4503  0.54968607
#> 298 29.7 999.4557  0.54432540
#> 299 29.8 999.4610  0.53901700
#> 300 29.9 999.4662  0.53376038
#> 301 30.0 999.4714  0.52855502
#> 302 30.1 999.4766  0.52340042
#> 303 30.2 999.4817  0.51829610
#> 304 30.3 999.4868  0.51324155
#> 305 30.4 999.4918  0.50823630
#> 306 30.5 999.4967  0.50327986
#> 307 30.6 999.5016  0.49837175
#> 308 30.7 999.5065  0.49351151
#> 309 30.8 999.5113  0.48869867
#> 310 30.9 999.5161  0.48393277
#> 311 31.0 999.5208  0.47921335
#> 312 31.1 999.5255  0.47453995
#> 313 31.2 999.5301  0.46991212
#> 314 31.3 999.5347  0.46532943
#> 315 31.4 999.5392  0.46079143
#> 316 31.5 999.5437  0.45629769
#> 317 31.6 999.5482  0.45184777
#> 318 31.7 999.5526  0.44744125
#> 319 31.8 999.5569  0.44307770
#> 320 31.9 999.5612  0.43875671
#> 321 32.0 999.5655  0.43447786
#> 322 32.1 999.5698  0.43024073
#> 323 32.2 999.5740  0.42604493
#> 324 32.3 999.5781  0.42189005
#> 325 32.4 999.5822  0.41777568
#> 326 32.5 999.5863  0.41370144
#> 327 32.6 999.5903  0.40966694
#> 328 32.7 999.5943  0.40567177
#> 329 32.8 999.5983  0.40171558
#> 330 32.9 999.6022  0.39779796
#> 331 33.0 999.6061  0.39391855
#> 332 33.1 999.6099  0.39007697
#> 333 33.2 999.6137  0.38627286
#> 334 33.3 999.6175  0.38250584
#> 335 33.4 999.6212  0.37877556
#> 336 33.5 999.6249  0.37508166
#> 337 33.6 999.6286  0.37142379
#> 338 33.7 999.6322  0.36780159
#> 339 33.8 999.6358  0.36421471
#> 340 33.9 999.6393  0.36066281
#> 341 34.0 999.6429  0.35714555
#> 342 34.1 999.6463  0.35366259
#> 343 34.2 999.6498  0.35021360
#> 344 34.3 999.6532  0.34679825
#> 345 34.4 999.6566  0.34341620
#> 346 34.5 999.6599  0.34006714
#> 347 34.6 999.6632  0.33675073
#> 348 34.7 999.6665  0.33346667
#> 349 34.8 999.6698  0.33021464
#> 350 34.9 999.6730  0.32699432
#> 351 35.0 999.6762  0.32380540
#> 352 35.1 999.6794  0.32064759
#> 353 35.2 999.6825  0.31752057
#> 354 35.3 999.6856  0.31442404
#> 355 35.4 999.6886  0.31135772
#> 356 35.5 999.6917  0.30832130
#> 357 35.6 999.6947  0.30531449
#> 358 35.7 999.6977  0.30233700
#> 359 35.8 999.7006  0.29938855
#> 360 35.9 999.7035  0.29646885
#> 361 36.0 999.7064  0.29357763
#> 362 36.1 999.7093  0.29071461
#> 363 36.2 999.7121  0.28787950
#> 364 36.3 999.7149  0.28507204
#> 365 36.4 999.7177  0.28229197
#> 366 36.5 999.7205  0.27953900
#> 367 36.6 999.7232  0.27681288
#> 368 36.7 999.7259  0.27411335
#> 369 36.8 999.7286  0.27144015
#> 370 36.9 999.7312  0.26879301
#> 371 37.0 999.7338  0.26617169
#> 372 37.1 999.7364  0.26357593
#> 373 37.2 999.7390  0.26100549
#> 374 37.3 999.7415  0.25846012
#> 375 37.4 999.7441  0.25593956
#> 376 37.5 999.7466  0.25344359
#> 377 37.6 999.7490  0.25097196
#> 378 37.7 999.7515  0.24852444
#> 379 37.8 999.7539  0.24610078
#> 380 37.9 999.7563  0.24370076
#> 381 38.0 999.7587  0.24132415
#> 382 38.1 999.7610  0.23897071
#> 383 38.2 999.7634  0.23664022
#> 384 38.3 999.7657  0.23433247
#> 385 38.4 999.7680  0.23204721
#> 386 38.5 999.7702  0.22978425
#> 387 38.6 999.7725  0.22754335
#> 388 38.7 999.7747  0.22532430
#> 389 38.8 999.7769  0.22312690
#> 390 38.9 999.7790  0.22095093
#> 391 39.0 999.7812  0.21879617
#> 392 39.1 999.7833  0.21666243
#> 393 39.2 999.7855  0.21454950
#> 394 39.3 999.7875  0.21245718
#> 395 39.4 999.7896  0.21038526
#> 396 39.5 999.7917  0.20833354
#> 397 39.6 999.7937  0.20630184
#> 398 39.7 999.7957  0.20428995
#> 399 39.8 999.7977  0.20229767
#> 400 39.9 999.7997  0.20032483
#> 401 40.0 999.8016  0.19837123
#> 402 40.1 999.8036  0.19643668
#> 403 40.2 999.8055  0.19452099
#> 404 40.3 999.8074  0.19262399
#> 405 40.4 999.8093  0.19074549
#> 406 40.5 999.8111  0.18888530
#> 407 40.6 999.8130  0.18704326
#> 408 40.7 999.8148  0.18521918
#> 409 40.8 999.8166  0.18341289
#> 410 40.9 999.8184  0.18162422
#> 411 41.0 999.8201  0.17985299
#> 412 41.1 999.8219  0.17809903
#> 413 41.2 999.8236  0.17636218
#> 414 41.3 999.8254  0.17464226
#> 415 41.4 999.8271  0.17293912
#> 416 41.5 999.8287  0.17125259
#> 417 41.6 999.8304  0.16958251
#> 418 41.7 999.8321  0.16792871
#> 419 41.8 999.8337  0.16629104
#> 420 41.9 999.8353  0.16466934
#> 421 42.0 999.8369  0.16306346
#> 422 42.1 999.8385  0.16147324
#> 423 42.2 999.8401  0.15989852
#> 424 42.3 999.8417  0.15833917
#> 425 42.4 999.8432  0.15679502
#> 426 42.5 999.8447  0.15526592
#> 427 42.6 999.8462  0.15375174
#> 428 42.7 999.8477  0.15225233
#> 429 42.8 999.8492  0.15076754
#> 430 42.9 999.8507  0.14929723
#> 431 43.0 999.8522  0.14784126
#> 432 43.1 999.8536  0.14639949
#> 433 43.2 999.8550  0.14497178
#> 434 43.3 999.8564  0.14355799
#> 435 43.4 999.8578  0.14215799
#> 436 43.5 999.8592  0.14077164
#> 437 43.6 999.8606  0.13939881
#> 438 43.7 999.8620  0.13803937
#> 439 43.8 999.8633  0.13669319
#> 440 43.9 999.8646  0.13536013
#> 441 44.0 999.8660  0.13404008
#> 442 44.1 999.8673  0.13273290
#> 443 44.2 999.8686  0.13143847
#> 444 44.3 999.8698  0.13015666
#> 445 44.4 999.8711  0.12888735
#> 446 44.5 999.8724  0.12763042
#> 447 44.6 999.8736  0.12638574
#> 448 44.7 999.8748  0.12515321
#> 449 44.8 999.8761  0.12393270
#> 450 44.9 999.8773  0.12272408
#> 451 45.0 999.8785  0.12152726
#> 452 45.1 999.8797  0.12034211
#> 453 45.2 999.8808  0.11916851
#> 454 45.3 999.8820  0.11800636
#> 455 45.4 999.8831  0.11685554
#> 456 45.5 999.8843  0.11571595
#> 457 45.6 999.8854  0.11458747
#> 458 45.7 999.8865  0.11346999
#> 459 45.8 999.8876  0.11236342
#> 460 45.9 999.8887  0.11126763
#> 461 46.0 999.8898  0.11018253
#> 462 46.1 999.8909  0.10910801
#> 463 46.2 999.8920  0.10804398
#> 464 46.3 999.8930  0.10699031
#> 465 46.4 999.8941  0.10594693
#> 466 46.5 999.8951  0.10491372
#> 467 46.6 999.8961  0.10389058
#> 468 46.7 999.8971  0.10287742
#> 469 46.8 999.8981  0.10187415
#> 470 46.9 999.8991  0.10088065
#> 471 47.0 999.9001  0.09989685
#> 472 47.1 999.9011  0.09892264
#> 473 47.2 999.9020  0.09795793
#> 474 47.3 999.9030  0.09700263
#> 475 47.4 999.9039  0.09605665
#> 476 47.5 999.9049  0.09511989
#> 477 47.6 999.9058  0.09419226
#> 478 47.7 999.9067  0.09327368
#> 479 47.8 999.9076  0.09236407
#> 480 47.9 999.9085  0.09146332
#> 481 48.0 999.9094  0.09057135
#> 482 48.1 999.9103  0.08968809
#> 483 48.2 999.9112  0.08881343
#> 484 48.3 999.9121  0.08794731
#> 485 48.4 999.9129  0.08708964
#> 486 48.5 999.9138  0.08624033
#> 487 48.6 999.9146  0.08539930
#> 488 48.7 999.9154  0.08456647
#> 489 48.8 999.9163  0.08374176
#> 490 48.9 999.9171  0.08292510
#> 491 49.0 999.9179  0.08211640
#> 492 49.1 999.9187  0.08131559
#> 493 49.2 999.9195  0.08052259
#> 494 49.3 999.9203  0.07973732
#> 495 49.4 999.9210  0.07895971
#> 496 49.5 999.9218  0.07818968
#> 497 49.6 999.9226  0.07742717
#> 498 49.7 999.9233  0.07667208
#> 499 49.8 999.9241  0.07592437
#> 500 49.9 999.9248  0.07518394
#> 501 50.0 999.9255  0.07445074

# Open population with births and deaths
model_sis(
  init   = c(S = 990, I = 10),
  params = c(beta = 0.3, gamma = 0.1, b = 0.01, d = 0.01),
  times  = seq(0, 200, by = 1)
)
#>     time        S         I
#> 1      0 990.0000  10.00000
#> 2      1 987.9473  12.05267
#> 3      2 985.4831  14.51689
#> 4      3 982.5293  17.47074
#> 5      4 978.9948  21.00525
#> 6      5 974.7745  25.22552
#> 7      6 969.7482  30.25181
#> 8      7 963.7800  36.21995
#> 9      8 956.7190  43.28101
#> 10     9 948.4003  51.59965
#> 11    10 938.6491  61.35090
#> 12    11 927.2854  72.71459
#> 13    12 914.1329  85.86713
#> 14    13 899.0298 100.97024
#> 15    14 881.8435 118.15655
#> 16    15 862.4874 137.51256
#> 17    16 840.9396 159.06040
#> 18    17 817.2597 182.74029
#> 19    18 791.6035 208.39646
#> 20    19 764.2301 235.76992
#> 21    20 735.4991 264.50087
#> 22    21 705.8574 294.14256
#> 23    22 675.8137 324.18634
#> 24    23 645.9047 354.09528
#> 25    24 616.6580 383.34201
#> 26    25 588.5550 411.44504
#> 27    26 562.0013 437.99866
#> 28    27 537.3075 462.69250
#> 29    28 514.6805 485.31953
#> 30    29 494.2266 505.77340
#> 31    30 475.9627 524.03732
#> 32    31 459.8321 540.16791
#> 33    32 445.7230 554.27699
#> 34    33 433.4863 566.51368
#> 35    34 422.9514 577.04864
#> 36    35 413.9388 586.06123
#> 37    36 406.2703 593.72972
#> 38    37 399.7755 600.22450
#> 39    38 394.2963 605.70374
#> 40    39 389.6890 610.31099
#> 41    40 385.8257 614.17428
#> 42    41 382.5938 617.40620
#> 43    42 379.8953 620.10468
#> 44    43 377.6459 622.35409
#> 45    44 375.7734 624.22663
#> 46    45 374.2163 625.78368
#> 47    46 372.9228 627.07717
#> 48    47 371.8491 628.15088
#> 49    48 370.9584 629.04158
#> 50    49 370.2199 629.78006
#> 51    50 369.6079 630.39207
#> 52    51 369.1009 630.89907
#> 53    52 368.6810 631.31896
#> 54    53 368.3334 631.66661
#> 55    54 368.0456 631.95439
#> 56    55 367.8074 632.19257
#> 57    56 367.6103 632.38968
#> 58    57 367.4472 632.55277
#> 59    58 367.3123 632.68770
#> 60    59 367.2007 632.79932
#> 61    60 367.1083 632.89167
#> 62    61 367.0320 632.96805
#> 63    62 366.9688 633.03123
#> 64    63 366.9165 633.08349
#> 65    64 366.8733 633.12671
#> 66    65 366.8375 633.16245
#> 67    66 366.8080 633.19202
#> 68    67 366.7835 633.21647
#> 69    68 366.7633 633.23669
#> 70    69 366.7466 633.25341
#> 71    70 366.7328 633.26724
#> 72    71 366.7213 633.27867
#> 73    72 366.7119 633.28813
#> 74    73 366.7040 633.29595
#> 75    74 366.6976 633.30242
#> 76    75 366.6922 633.30777
#> 77    76 366.6878 633.31219
#> 78    77 366.6841 633.31585
#> 79    78 366.6811 633.31888
#> 80    79 366.6786 633.32138
#> 81    80 366.6766 633.32344
#> 82    81 366.6748 633.32516
#> 83    82 366.6734 633.32657
#> 84    83 366.6723 633.32774
#> 85    84 366.6713 633.32871
#> 86    85 366.6705 633.32951
#> 87    86 366.6698 633.33017
#> 88    87 366.6693 633.33072
#> 89    88 366.6688 633.33118
#> 90    89 366.6685 633.33155
#> 91    90 366.6681 633.33186
#> 92    91 366.6679 633.33211
#> 93    92 366.6677 633.33233
#> 94    93 366.6675 633.33250
#> 95    94 366.6674 633.33265
#> 96    95 366.6672 633.33276
#> 97    96 366.6671 633.33286
#> 98    97 366.6671 633.33294
#> 99    98 366.6670 633.33301
#> 100   99 366.6669 633.33307
#> 101  100 366.6669 633.33311
#> 102  101 366.6668 633.33315
#> 103  102 366.6668 633.33318
#> 104  103 366.6668 633.33321
#> 105  104 366.6668 633.33323
#> 106  105 366.6668 633.33325
#> 107  106 366.6667 633.33326
#> 108  107 366.6667 633.33328
#> 109  108 366.6667 633.33329
#> 110  109 366.6667 633.33329
#> 111  110 366.6667 633.33330
#> 112  111 366.6667 633.33331
#> 113  112 366.6667 633.33331
#> 114  113 366.6667 633.33331
#> 115  114 366.6667 633.33332
#> 116  115 366.6667 633.33332
#> 117  116 366.6667 633.33332
#> 118  117 366.6667 633.33332
#> 119  118 366.6667 633.33333
#> 120  119 366.6667 633.33333
#> 121  120 366.6667 633.33333
#> 122  121 366.6667 633.33333
#> 123  122 366.6667 633.33333
#> 124  123 366.6667 633.33333
#> 125  124 366.6667 633.33333
#> 126  125 366.6667 633.33333
#> 127  126 366.6667 633.33333
#> 128  127 366.6667 633.33333
#> 129  128 366.6667 633.33333
#> 130  129 366.6667 633.33333
#> 131  130 366.6667 633.33333
#> 132  131 366.6667 633.33333
#> 133  132 366.6667 633.33333
#> 134  133 366.6667 633.33333
#> 135  134 366.6667 633.33333
#> 136  135 366.6667 633.33333
#> 137  136 366.6667 633.33333
#> 138  137 366.6667 633.33333
#> 139  138 366.6667 633.33333
#> 140  139 366.6667 633.33333
#> 141  140 366.6667 633.33333
#> 142  141 366.6667 633.33333
#> 143  142 366.6667 633.33333
#> 144  143 366.6667 633.33333
#> 145  144 366.6667 633.33333
#> 146  145 366.6667 633.33333
#> 147  146 366.6667 633.33333
#> 148  147 366.6667 633.33333
#> 149  148 366.6667 633.33333
#> 150  149 366.6667 633.33333
#> 151  150 366.6667 633.33333
#> 152  151 366.6667 633.33333
#> 153  152 366.6667 633.33333
#> 154  153 366.6667 633.33333
#> 155  154 366.6667 633.33333
#> 156  155 366.6667 633.33333
#> 157  156 366.6667 633.33333
#> 158  157 366.6667 633.33333
#> 159  158 366.6667 633.33333
#> 160  159 366.6667 633.33333
#> 161  160 366.6667 633.33333
#> 162  161 366.6667 633.33333
#> 163  162 366.6667 633.33333
#> 164  163 366.6667 633.33333
#> 165  164 366.6667 633.33333
#> 166  165 366.6667 633.33333
#> 167  166 366.6667 633.33333
#> 168  167 366.6667 633.33333
#> 169  168 366.6667 633.33333
#> 170  169 366.6667 633.33333
#> 171  170 366.6667 633.33333
#> 172  171 366.6667 633.33333
#> 173  172 366.6667 633.33333
#> 174  173 366.6667 633.33333
#> 175  174 366.6667 633.33333
#> 176  175 366.6667 633.33333
#> 177  176 366.6667 633.33333
#> 178  177 366.6667 633.33333
#> 179  178 366.6667 633.33333
#> 180  179 366.6667 633.33333
#> 181  180 366.6667 633.33333
#> 182  181 366.6667 633.33333
#> 183  182 366.6667 633.33333
#> 184  183 366.6667 633.33333
#> 185  184 366.6667 633.33333
#> 186  185 366.6667 633.33333
#> 187  186 366.6667 633.33333
#> 188  187 366.6667 633.33333
#> 189  188 366.6667 633.33333
#> 190  189 366.6667 633.33333
#> 191  190 366.6667 633.33333
#> 192  191 366.6667 633.33333
#> 193  192 366.6667 633.33333
#> 194  193 366.6667 633.33333
#> 195  194 366.6667 633.33333
#> 196  195 366.6667 633.33333
#> 197  196 366.6667 633.33333
#> 198  197 366.6667 633.33333
#> 199  198 366.6667 633.33333
#> 200  199 366.6667 633.33333
#> 201  200 366.6667 633.33333